Thermal Energy Essay Example For Students

Thermal Energy Essay Lab #7: Thermal EnergyHeat is thermal energy being transferred from one place to another, because of temperature changes. This can take place by three processes. These three processes are known as conduction, convection, and radiation. When we place two objects with different temperatures in contact with each other, the heat from the hotter object will immediately and automatically flow to the colder object. This is known as conduction. Some objects make excellent conductors of heat while others make poor conductors of heat or excellent insulators. Silver, copper, and gold make excellent conductors of heat. Foams and plastics make good insulators of heat but make poor conductors. Last night for dinner, I made myself a grilled cheese sandwich and a bowl of tomato soup. I heated the soup faster than I cooked the sandwich so I poured the hot soup into a bowl and finished cooking the sandwich. Once I was done cooking, I gabbed the soup bowl and burned my hand. The heat from the soup made the bowl hot. This is an example of conduction. We will write a custom essay on Thermal Energy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The process of conduction between a solid surface and a moving liquid or gas is called convection. The motion of the fluid may be natural or forced. If a liquid or gas is heated, its mass per unit volume generally decreases. If the liquid or gas is in a gravitational field, the hotter, lighter fluid rises while the colder, heavier fluid sinks. For example, when water in a pan is heated from below on my stove, the liquid closest to the bottom expands and its density decreases. The hot water as a result rises to the top and some of the cooler fluid descends toward the bottom, thus setting up a circulatory motion. This is also why the heating of a room by a radiator depends less on radiation than on natural convection currents, the hot air rising upward along the wall and cooler air coming back to the radiator from the side of the bottom. Because of the tendencies of hot air to rise and of cool air to sink, radiators are positioned near the floor and air-conditioning outlets near the ce iling for maximum efficiency. Radiation is fundamentally different from both conduction and convection in that the substances exchanging heat need not be in contact with each other. All substances emit radiant energy merely by virtue of having a positive absolute temperature. The higher the temperature, the greater the amount of energy emitted. In addition to emitting, all substances are capable of absorbing radiation. Thus, although an ice cube is continuously emitting radiant energy, it will melt if a halogen lamp is focused on it because it will be absorbing a greater amount of heat than it is emitting. In addition, surfaces can absorb or reflect incident radiation. Generally, dull, rough surfaces absorb more heat than bright, polished surfaces, and bright surfaces reflect more radiant energy than dull surfaces. In addition, good absorbers are also good emitters; good reflectors, or poor absorbers, are poor emitters. This is why cooking utensils generally have dull bottoms for good absorption and polished side s for minimum emission to maximize the heat transfer into the contents of the pot. Heat and is always being transferred from place to place. Everything on Earth has a temperature above Zero Kelvin so everything on earth contains heat. Without some kind of heat and energy, there would not be life.

History to the 18th Century

History to the 18th Century The article â€Å"Spiritual life and the survival of Christianity† highlights comparisons and contrast in the 18th century and modern day Christian church. The history sheds light on the issue of secularism and how it has encroached on the church threatening its core. The relationship between secularism and the eighteenth century time is particularly important because it is during this century in history that secularism gained foothold and became accepted as an alternative to religion.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on History to the 18th Century specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The century is remembered in history as the first non Christian century. Christianity is highlighted from the modern and ancient perspectives with emphasis given to the present day church in the US and Europe. The article tries to show the roots of the today’s attitudes towards Christianity and how the eighteenth century contrib uted to them. The emphasis given to the Christians in the US is especially important because it sheds light on how American Christian principles came up and how the American culture acquired its secularism through Christianity. The article does show how culture was â€Å"pure†, so to say before it was penetrated by Christian values. After the penetration, thinkers found themselves enslaved by the Christian values and traditions that it was difficult to use a language free from Christian influence. That is why the eighteenth century was alive with antitheist campaigns keen on eliminating all Christian vales. What’s more, it’s the elite who led these attacks but after all was done; Christianity still maintained strong influence on people’s culture. The article contains information deeply detailing the important role that Christianity played in making the existent culture in the US and Europe and how early scholars contributed to the advancement of secularis m without bothering religion, in this case Christianity. This was done through the art of benign atheism that was led by Marx and Freud. For instance, Marx believed that curtailing Christians’ belief in their God was an unnecessary distraction of communists from their course. Freud on the other hand believed that it was a waste of time to argue for or against religion since no one had produced a rational though for or against religion. Despite modern culture drawing heavily from Christianity and other religions like Islam, culture has evolved separately and has almost become a religion on its own. Believers have become non-attached to religion and seem to have adopted the attitude that God doesn’t matter any more.Advertising Looking for article on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The main point driven by this article is that the secularism that has been adopted by people is more detrimental to t he Christian religion than was the antitheism sentiments that characterized the eighteenth century. There are growing tendency by people to treat religion especially Christianity as just another part of civilization same as industrialization and agrarian revolution. Religion in the past especially in the eighteenth century was handed down as a tradition but that is not the case any more. Control that society exerted over people through religion is long gone and people are nowadays responsible for their destinies and they determine their attitudes instead of the common communal approach. Important questions are raised although subtly. The author wonders if religion and especially Christianity is slowly becoming extinct. Also, if religion is slowly giving in to the demands of culture and if it is headed into an eventual collaboration with culture through compromising of its basic tenets. There are questions too about whether there will be potential conflict between culture and religio n. Will that be the end of civilization and who and what will be responsible in case such an eventuality comes to be? Is there any thing(s) that can be done to save the situation? If yes, what can be done and if no why can’t something be done to save the notion. There is a need to start a reconstruction of values that have collapsed due to advancement of civilization and the decline of Christianity. There is also a need to change people’s thinking to believe in the power of the church and the entire Christian principles. At the same time it is important to recognize that the world is constantly changing and tolerance and accommodation of other people’s views necessary (Fahlbusch and Bromiley 2000, 195). Learning to respect human beings different ways of expressing their gratitude and appreciation is needed if peace is to be maintained in the world. Unlike the ancient times that were dominated by explicit antitheism, today’s onslaught on Christianity is ma nifested in the corruption of Christian ideals to suit people’s needs and fantasies. The trend is present in all levels of society nowadays. The 21st century can easily turn out to be one of the most anti-Christian centuries like the eighteen century was. Vigorous activism that is present these days may stem steep decline of the church in the short run but not in the long rum. Again, today’s scholars are more sophisticated than Marx and Freud of the eighteenth century. They are therefore not likely to relent in their effort to directly attack religion especially Christianity with the sole aim of distracting the remaining few faithful followers.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on History to the 18th Century specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Fahlbusch, Geoffrey and Bromiley, William. The encyclopedia of Christianity, Volume 5. New York: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2000. Louis, Dupre. â€Å"Spir itual life and the survival of Christianity.† The Free Library (1998). https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Spiritual+life+and+the+survival+of+Christianity-a021202870

The Social Use of Music in Contemporary American Society Essay

The Social Use of Music in Contemporary American Society - Essay Example Music can often define an individual’s place or desired place in society. The blue collar working individuals are often drawn to country music. Country music appeals and sympathizes with the every day events and hard ships experienced by the blue collar worker. Music that is currently popular or considered â€Å"popular music† as a genre, originates from R&B or African American blues or gospel music of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. This music originally was a mixture of European styles of music as well as indigenous music. Music styles such as rap music can be traced back to African Tribal music and chants. In modern day America, rap is an extremely successful and popular genre. It is also sometimes quite controversial as it tends to use explicit language and adult subject matters. Other cultures have also contributed a great deal to popular music of today. These cultures include Ukrainian, Irish, Jewish, Hispanic, Polish, and Scottish. America is the great melting pot and its diversity in popular music styles tells this story. Much of American music incorporates syncopation with irregular beats and long melodies. It has been said that this type of melody and asymmetry is in place in American music as an example o f the vast and wide open spaces of the country. In addition, it can be said that the diversity of American music is synonymous with American freedom and self expression.